Past Research
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(Vailland, G.E. (1983). The Natural History of Alcholism: Causes, Patterns, and Paths to Recovery. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) (don't have) (religiosity help alcoholics mantain continued abstinence)
Vaillant, G. E. (1971). Theoretical hierarchy of adapted eagle mechanisms: A 30 year follow-up of 30 men selected for psychological health. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 107-116.
Van Den Berghe E (1994). Religion and the abundant life. The Ensign 32-45 (R)
VandeCreek, L. (1991). Identifying the spiritually needy patient: The role of demographics. The Caregiver Journal, 8(3), 38-47 (case-control study conducted at large university tertiary care hospital involving 160 patients (cases) and 150 controls selected from members of a Woman's Club, Eastern Star lodge, Kiwanis Club, and hospital volunteers; attitudes toward death and life (high scores equivalent with sspiritual well-being, and low scores defined as "spiritual neediness") assessed using standard 36-item scale (includes 6 subscales: purpose, coherence, existential vaccum, life control, death acceptance, and goal setting, which are assempled into two summary scores entitled Personal Meaning Index (PMI) and Life Attitude Balance Index (LABI) (Reker, 1981); results in 160 patients indicate that spiritual neediness is lower among patients who attended church twice a week, who scored significantly higher on personal meaning and lack of existential vacuum than others (p<.05);no associations found in 150 women controls)
Vandecreek L, Pargament K (1995). The role of religious support when coping with surgical anxieties. Presented at annual American Psychological Association Meeting, New York City, NY (C/S survey of 150 family members and friends of 50 consecutive patients undergoing elective CABG were surveyed in waiting rooms during surgery (87% white, 65% Protestant, 70% female) (Columbus, OH); intrapersonal (look to God for strength and support) and interpersonal (look to spiritual support from clergy & church members) religious support were each measured by 6 items adapted from Pargament; non-religious support measured by 4-items each from instrumental and emotional support subscales of the COPE; depression by CES-D and non-religious general outcomes by 5 items on how much family members learned from experience, handled the situation, felt stronger and better about themselves; intrapersonal and interpersonal religious support were both positively related to greater depression (.20, p<.05, and .26, p<.01, controlled); intrapersonal support was correlated with better general outcomes (.37, p<.001), and both intra and interpersonal religious support were associated with non-religious coping emotional support)
Vandecreek L, Cooke B (1996). Hospital pastoral care practices of parish clergy. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion 7:253-264 (c/s survey of all 471 of 510 Christian parish clergy who visited parishioners at Ohio State University Hosptial during one year; 27 faith groups collapsed into 9 groups; during the year clergy drove 470,000 miles to make 9,576 trips to provide pastoral care to 4,750 members (mean 1,033 miles per clergy); mean number of visits was 2.6/patient (range 0-20); largest groups of visiting pastors were Methodists (n=121) and holiness / pentecostal (n=109); frequency of pastoral practices during hospital visit are presented)
Vandecreek L (1996). The parish clergy's ministry of prayer with hospitalized parishioners. Unsubmitted manuscript.
VandeCreek, L. (1997). Collaboration between nurses and chaplains for spiritual caregiving. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 13, 279-280.
VandeCreek, L., et al. (1999). The unique benefits of religious support during cardiac bypass surgery. Journal of Pastoral Care, 53, 19-29.
Vanderpool HY (1980). Religion and medicine: a theoretical overview. Journal of Religion and Health 19:7-17 (R)
Vanderpool, H.Y., & Levin, J.S. (1990). Religion and medicine: How are they related? Journal of Religion and Health, 29(1), 9-20. (R)
Vander Veldt, A.J., & McAllister, R.J. (1962). psychiatric illness in hospitalized clergy. Quarterly Journal of Studies of Alcoholism, 23, 124-130. (Q) (examines characterisitics of 32 Catholic clergy with alcoholism) (no stats or comparisons)
Van Egmond, M., & Diekstra, R.F.W. (1989). The predictability of suicidal behavior: The results of a meta-analysis of published studies. In R.F.W. Diekstra, R. Maris, S. Platt, A. Schmidtke, & G. Sonneck (Eds.), Suicide and its Prevention (pp. 37-61). New York: E.J. Brill.
Van Loon, A. (1998). The development of faith community nursing programs as a response to changing Australian health policy. Health Education and Behavior, 25, 790-799.
Van Wegberg, B., Huerny, C., von Rorh, E., and Cerny, T. (1999). Psychological Characteristics of Users and Non-Users of Complementary Cancer Treatments. Conference Abstracts: Psychosomatic Medicine, 61(0):95. Descriptive correlational analysis of psychological differences between users and non-users of complementary cancer treatments (CCT; i.e. alternative treatments). Locus of control (internal, external powerful others and external fate),coping styles (active and religious), and cancer attributions were ascertained from 148 users and 109 non-users of CCT [source of sample unclear]. Women with breast cancer under 50 years of age and those with a longer disease duration more likely to use CCT (chi-square p<.05, p<.0001, respectively). No differences in performance status, physical well-being, and psychological distress between users and non-users. Users showed internal LOC more frequently (p<.0001) and external LOC less frequently (powerful others p=.05, fate p=.02) than non-users. Cancer attributions more frequently internal for users (32% vs. 19%) than non-users; 53% of users used active coping and 38% used religious coping [measurement unclear], versus 19% and 17% of non-users, respectively (p<.02). Stoic/fatalistic coping styles less frequent among users than non-users (18 vs. 41%, p<.0001). Differences in depressive and denial coping styles were not observed. Descriptive nature is major fault, barring sample or measurement problems, but overall, interesting from a medical provider's point of view (i.e. the issue of competing therapies and lay medicine substitution). (don't have)
Varon, S.R., Riley, A.W. (1999). Relationship between maternal church attendance and adolescent mental health and social functioning. Psychiatric Services, 50, 799-805. (Conducted by the Johns Hopkins Children's Mental Health Center, examined the relationship between maternal attendance at religious services and the behavioral and social functioning of young adolescents. Screened 445 youths age 11 through 13 who were randomly selected from two public middle schools in Baltimore. Investigators selected a sample of 143 youth in which approximately two-thirds were at risk of having a psychiatric disorder and the remaining one-third were not. Youths whose mothers attended religious services at least once a week had greater over all satisfaction with their lives, more involvement with their families, and better skills in solving health-related problems and felt greater support from friends compared with youths whose mothers had lower levels of participation in religious services. Maternal attendance at religious services had a strong association with the youths' outcome in overall satisfaction with health and perceived social support from friends. The authors concluded, "This association is as important as or more important than associations involving other traditional demographic variables, with the exception of family income."
Vaux K (1976). Religion and health. Preventive Medicine 5:522-536 (R)
Veach, T.L., & Chappel, J.N. (1992). Measuring spiritual health: A preliminary study. Substance Abuse, 13, 139-147.] (C/S survey of convenience sample of 90 undergraduates and 58 health professionals (80% white, 30% without religious preference, 24% Catholic, 19% Protestant); 18-item Spiritual Health Inventory, which was factor analyzed to obtain 6-item Personal Spiritual Experience (PSE) (the only valid subscale), Spiritual Well-Being (SWB), Sense of Harmony (SH, includes 1 spiritual item), and Personal Helplesness (PH, includes 2 items related to God and 1 related to spirtual health); PSE unrelated to physical or mental health, but positively related to drug use; SWB inversely related to depression, and positively related to psychological health and general well-being (heavy, heavy confounding - not mention of religion or spirituality in it); SH correlated with mental health (general well-being and low depression) and Substance Abuse Attitude Survey of treatment optimism; none of the subscales were predictive of physical health)
Ventura, J.N. (1982). Parent coping behaviors, parent functioning, and infant temperament characteristics. Nursing Research, 31, 269-273. (C/S survey of convenience sample of 100 mothers & fathers of 2-3 month old infants (n=200) in Madison, WI health facilities; infant temperament characteristics assessed with four subscales from Rothbart's Infant Temperament Questionnaire; parents who coped by being more religious, thankful, and content, were significantly more likely to perceived their infant as having more smiling and laughing behaviors (.12, p<.05), less distress to limitations (-.12, p<.05), and greater soothability (.18, p<.01) (uncontrolled)
Verghese A, John JK, Rajkumar S, Richard J, Sethi BB, Trivedi JK (1989). Factors associated with the course and outcome of schizophrenia in India: Results of a two-year multicentre follow-up study. British Journal of Psychiatry 154:499-503 (2-year prospective cohort study of 386 schizophrenic patients ages 15-45 with 2 years of illness of less who were seen in 1981 at psychiatric outpatient clinics of George's Medical College, Lucknow, Madras Medical College, Madras, and Christian Medical College in Vellore, India; outcome deteriorated among patients who reported a decrease in religious activities at the baseline evaluation (p<.001, uncontrolled) or avoidance of the patient by others; investigators note, "If these associations are confirmed, it is possible to plan some intervention programes, such as changing the attitudes of others to the patient, and giving more importance to various types of religious activity. Reigiosity is important in Indian culture and the increase in religiosity that was related to beter outcome in the present study could be a means of effecitvely handling the anxiety of the patient." (p 502)
Versluys JJ (1949). Cancer and occupation in the Netherlands. British Journal of Cancer 3:161-185 (case-control study of all deaths from cancer in the Netherlands between 1931-1935 (n=51,124); found 7.9% and 24.3% more deaths from cancer among Jewish men and Jewish women than expected; higher death rates among Jewish women for CA of breast, ovary, intestines and kidneys, but low for cervix; higher death rates among Jewish males for intestines, rectum, lung, & bladder, but low for gastric CA; no statistical comparisons; controlled for age);Roman Catholic priests were not less likely to die of cancer compared with other occupations; unfortunately, other "clergymen" mixed in with professors, physicians, engineers, and lawyers (although notes that clergymen had much prostate cancer and physicians much lung cancer). Nuns and religieuses did not have fewer cancer deaths than expected. (R 6)
Videka-Sherman, L. (1982). Coping with the death of a child: A study over time. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, 688-698. (prospective cohort study of 194 bereaved parents (< 18 months since event), 70% being women (mean age 41), living in Chicago; coping behaviors included turning to religion (frequency of attendance at religious services, change in attendance since death of child, belief that religion offers security in life); psychological adjustment measured with Hopkins Symptom Check List (depression), a negative affect scale, and 1 item on change in self (personal growth); both religious and psychological variables assessed at 2 points in time, separated by 1 year; Time 2 religiousness related to more depressive symptoms (beta .05, p<.10), less negative affect (-.05, p<.10), and more growth (.05, p<.10) at Time 2; Time 1 religiousness unrelated to adjustment, after Time 2 religiousness controlled (strange analysis strategy); religiousness in general decreased from Time 1 to Time 2)
